fa تأثیر آستانه‌ای مصرف انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر و تجدیدناپذیر بر رفاه اقتصادی در کشورهای منتخب با شدت انرژی مختلف تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <div> <div id="ftn1"> <div id="ftn1">&nbsp; <div><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مصرف انرژی</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">‌</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های آلاینده در تقابل با رفاه اقتصادی؛ سیاست‌گذار را بر سر دوراهی- دستیابی به رفاه اقتصادی به عنوان هدف نهایی اقتصاد یا افزایش مصرف انرژی برای رشد اقتصادی- قرار می</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">‌</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">دهد. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، آزمون این دوگانگی و مشخصاً وجود رابطه </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">U</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> وارون میان رفاه اقتصادی و مصرف انرژی با به‌کارگیری روش حداقل مربعات تعمیم‌یافته ممکن برای داده</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">‌</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های تابلویی 117 کشور (77 کشور با شدت انرژی پایین و 40 کشور با شدت انرژی بالا) طی دوره زمانی 2019-2007 است. یافته</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">‌</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های مطالعه حاضر نشانگر وجود رابطه </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">U</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> وارون میان مصرف انرژی و رفاه اقتصادی و تأیید فرضیه منحنی کوزنتس است. نکته قابل توجه در یافته</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">‌</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های این مطالعه، پویایی الگوی عمومی رفاه با تغییر مصرف انرژی است به گونه</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">‌</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ای که برای کشورهای با شدت انرژی پایین و همچنین با انرژی تجدیدپذیر، حد آستانه رفاه با سرعت بیشتر حاصل می</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">‌</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">شود و بعد از آن، رفاه با سرعت کمتر نسبت به روند صعودی منحنی کاهش می</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">‌</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">یابد. بر این اساس، به نظر می</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">‌</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">رسد کشورها می</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">‌</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">توانند با سیاست</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">‌</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های سازگار و بهینه، مسیر را اصلاح کرده و رسیدن به مرحله کاهش رفاه را به تأخیر اندازند.</span></span></span></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <span style="font-size:9pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Consumption of polluting energy against economic wel</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">fare</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> puts the policymaker on a dilemma - achieving economic prosperity as the ultimate goal of the economy or increasing energy consumption for economic growth. <span style="color:black">The main goal of this research is to test this duality and specifically the presence of an inverted U relationship between economic wel</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">fare</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black"> and energy consumption using the Feasible Generalized Least Squares method for panel data of 117 countries (77 countries with low energy intensity and 40 countries with high energy intensity)</span></span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="color:black">in the period of 2007-2019. </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Findings of the present study indicate the existence of an inverted U relationship between energy consumption and economic wel</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">fare</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> and confirm the hypothesis of the Kuznets curve. The noteworthy point in the findings of this study is the dynamics of the general pattern of wel</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">fare</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> by a change in energy consumption, so that for countries with low energy intensity and also renewable energy, the threshold limit of wel</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">fare</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> is reached faster, and after that, wel</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">fare</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> decreases at a slower rate than the upward trend of the curve. Based on this, it seems that countries can adjust the path with consistent and optimal policies and delay reaching the stage of welfare reduction.<span style="color:red"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> رفاه اقتصادی, مصرف انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر و فسیلی, اثر آستانه‌ای, حداقل مربعات تعمیم‌یافته ممکن, کشورهای منتخب. Economic welfare, Consumption of Renewable and Fossil Energy, Threshold effect, Feasible Generalized Least Squares, Selected countries. 55 89 http://qjfep.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1563-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Saeed Rasekhi سعید راسخی srasekhi@umz.ac.ir 10031947532846007394 10031947532846007394 Yes University of Mazandaran دانشگاه مازندران ٬بابلسر Sara Ghanbartabar Ahmadi سارا قنبرتبار احمدی sara95ghanbartabar@gmail.com 10031947532846007395 10031947532846007395 No University of Mazandaran دانشگاه مازندران ٬بابلسر Yousef Mehnatfar یوسف محنت فر y.mehnatfar@umz.ac.ir 10031947532846007396 10031947532846007396 No University of Mazandaran دانشگاه مازندران ٬بابلسر