@article{ author = {}, title = {A Review of the VAT System in Iran and Selected Countries}, abstract ={In this paper, in order to achieve the roadmap for reforming the VAT law and its administrative procedures in Iran, executive components evaluation of the VAT system in 22 countries and its comparison with Iran have been studied. The results suggest that the VAT in Iran is a consumption one and based on the destination principle as in the selected countries. Registration criteria in most of the countries are annual turnover or annual taxable turnover, while in Iran, addition to these criteria, the nature of economic activities also is used. Moreover, VAT standard rate in almost all countries, except Austria, India, is a unit as in the Iran. In the countries without discounted rates in their tax structure, usually there is a wider range of exempted goods and services without credit, and this observed in Iran, Armenia and etc.}, Keywords = {Tax System,VAT, executive components}, volume = {2}, Number = {5}, pages = {5-22}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-114-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-114-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {atefimanesh, roy}, title = {The Range of Pegged Exchange Rate Regimes: A Review of Their Advantages and Disadvantages Emphasizing on Oil Exporting Countries}, abstract ={The present paper reviews the various forms of pegged exchange rate regimes and shows that these types of exchange arrangements are the most used ones in the world, especially in oil-exporting countries. Some of the most considerable advantages of this regime usage are controlling exchange rate fluctuations, restraining inflation, creating an anchor price for commodity trading and facilitating foreign investment. However, due to the increasing interconnectedness of global financial markets and globalization, the costs of pegged exchange rate regimes are ascending. So a lot of countries with such arrangements tend to use more floated regimes. However, transition from pegged to floating regimes in developing countries has its own risks which impose massive economic costs. From this point of view, some more flexible options like "pegging to a basket of currencies", “pegging to a basket that includes the price of oil " and "managed floating regime" have been considered as intermediated options. The report also indicates that despite different currency regimes announced by the Central Bank of I.R. Iran over the last 35 years, there is always some fear of floating exchange rates and tendency to a pegging exchange rate regime, and gradual non-adjustment of nominal exchange rate in proportion with internal and international inflation ratio, coincides with its gradual increase in 10 years periods. Finally, the paper in addition to emphasize at providing managed floating exchange rate regime requirements such as targeting and controlling inflation, declares that independence of central bank and adjusting nominal exchange rate in proportion with internal and international inflation ratio, as the most appropriate options and suggests that " pegging to a basket that includes the price of oil " is certainly better than "managed floating regime" for Iran. But due to non-compliance with its obligations, Iran actually shows significant tendency to pegged exchange rate.}, Keywords = {Exchange Rate, Pegged Exchange Rate Regime, Purchasing Power Parity, Iran’s Exchange Regime.}, volume = {2}, Number = {5}, pages = {23-40}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-111-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-111-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mozayani, Amir Hossein and Ghorbani, Saei}, title = {The Road Map of Optimum Management of Monetary Policy in Iran Economy}, abstract ={Monetary policies are the combination of policies which are implemented by central banks in order to control macroeconomic processes. These policies are used to control inflation, stimulate economic growth, employment and etc. These purposes are the same in majority of countries. But their priorities are different especially in Iran that they are more or less ambiguous. In this study we are going to study that what is an optimal comprehensive monetary policies in Iran. To do that, we need to develop a strategic framework in order to extract a roadmap for a national monetary behavior. We used a SWOT technique and results lead to an operational road map consisting short & long run policies and their related action plans.}, Keywords = {Monetary Policy, Central Bank, Government, Road Map, Gap Analysis, Iran Economy}, volume = {2}, Number = {5}, pages = {41-60}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-149-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-149-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {}, title = {An Analysis of the Iranian Textile Products Demand in the World Market}, abstract ={Promoting non-oil exports is one of major and principal goals of economic development of Iran. Textile industry with its high financial turnover and its labor intensive technology is an ancient industry in the world that has been suitable to rely on for advancement of exportation. So, knowing about the textile demand and its elasticity in order to gain foreign exchange and economic growth seems to be a matter of great importance. So this paper uses seemingly unrelated regressions econometric method to estimate the almost ideal demand system model to determine the demand for the textile products export (in three groups of leather, wool and cotton and their products). This paper aims to obtain demand and elasticity of textile products for the period of 1992 to 2010 then it will test the hypothesis of structural stability of model's coefficients for a predicted period (2011-2015) via simulation of model variables on basis of different decreasing price scenarios. Results show that decrease of prices lead to lack of structural stability in model coefficients and would change the long run expenditure shares of world's demand in textile products exportation.}, Keywords = {Structural Stability of Coefficient, Almost Ideal Demand System, Iranian Textile.}, volume = {2}, Number = {5}, pages = {61-72}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-117-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-117-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Rashidi, Hass}, title = {A Systematic Approach to Financial Planning in Firms and Its Implementation in an Enterprise}, abstract ={Planning in firms as a kind of resources planning in an enterprise at the macro level is of particular importance. Software packages used to manage resources are integrated sets of pre-designed and pre-built software that cover all business processes of the organization. Achieving maximum efficiency in the implementation of these software’s and their synchronization with organizational needs are very complex problems. From a general view compatibility of software’s input and output and its process control requires modeling and designing of a corporate planning system as a software package in the firm. In this paper, a system which can be useful for different economic planning agency is prepared and supported. This system has been used in of one of the companies of the Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran. Using this system we could evaluate company’s past and present problems. The output of this system in the form of economic and financial ratios could be used to evaluate the policy of the firm and its balance sheet within the firm’s planning framework. This framework can then be used in the preparation of budgets and financial plan in the firm.}, Keywords = {Planning in Firms, System, Organization’s Resources Planning.}, volume = {2}, Number = {5}, pages = {73-92}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-119-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-119-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {rostamihosuri, hajar}, title = {The Effect of Skilled Emigration (Brain Drain) on Poverty in Developing Countries}, abstract ={It seems, skilled workers migration from developing country have negative effects on their economy. Developing countries need their skilled workers to reach their developing goals. As shown in some studies, migrants reduced poverty in their origin countries through creation of positive feedback effects especially by sending remittance from developed countries. Therefore in order to evaluate the effect of brain drain on poverty of their countries, the panel data of 32 developing countries during 1991-2004 have been examined by a panel data regression model. The results showed that the effect of brain drain on poverty is not a significant one. The economic characteristics and behavior of individuals receiving remittances have important roles in the impact of brain drain on poverty in origin countries. In addition the amount of remittances is not enough to compensate the negative effects caused by the lack of skilled workers}, Keywords = {International Migration, Skilled Worker, Poverty.}, volume = {2}, Number = {5}, pages = {93-104}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-104-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-104-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Baghbani, Saeid Mahmoudzadeh and PourghaffarDastjerdi, Jav}, title = {The Effect of the Board of Directors’ Structure on Earnings Management in Firms Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange}, abstract ={The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the board of directors’ structure on earnings management for a panel of 480 observations from 2003 to 2010 in Firms Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. While the role of companies’ board of directors in earnings management has been examined in developed markets, particularly in USA and UK, understanding its effectiveness in emerging markets such as Iran is important due to differences of structure of business organizations across these markets. In this paper board size, board independence, and CEO-duality have been considered as the board of directors’ structure. Modified Jones Model (1995) has been used to determine the earnings management. Common effect model results indicate that the presence of positive relationship between CEO-duality and earnings management while we did not observe a statistically significant relationship between board size and board independence with earnings management. Furthermore, in this research, some control variables effects have been considered.}, Keywords = {Earnings Management, Board Size, Board Independence, CEO- Duality}, volume = {2}, Number = {5}, pages = {105-120}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-90-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-90-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The Effect of the Real Exchange Rate Changes on the Financial Instability in Selected Developing Countries}, abstract ={Reducing in the costs and increasing the confidence, the financial sector as a complement of the real economy, allocates the surplus funds of the economy to finance productive activities in order to encourage the economic growth. It is known that, there are different factors such as changes in the real exchange rate which have influence on the financial sector. This study investigates the effect of the real exchange rate changes on the financial instability, by using panel data technique based on data for 25 selected developing countries during 1995–2010. In this study, changes in the interest rates, changes in the interest rate spread, changes in the money and quasi money as a percentage of GDP and changes in the central bank assets to GDP ratio are used as indicators of the financial instability. The results show that real exchange rate changes, significantly, increase financial instability and the intensity of this effect in various geographical areas is different. Moreover, economic growth rate, inflation rate, size of the government and openness of the economy have been considered as control variables in this study.}, Keywords = {Financial Instability, Changes in the Real Exchange Rate, Panel Data}, volume = {2}, Number = {5}, pages = {121-134}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-86-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-86-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The Study of Spatial Distribution and Economic Development Rating in the Khuzestan Province Cities}, abstract ={Many developing countries have excessive concentration in a few cities more than other parts. This could lead to many problems in urban management, particularly in the provision of urban infrastructure. In these countries, people's quality of life has been affected by the huge regional disparities which in many cases are increasing rapidly. The most important aspect of inequality is spatial inequality. Spatial inequality could be interpreted as unequal distribution of opportunities and social barriers in the space. Spatial disparity that regional inequality is an obvious example of it could have various aspects in different societies. This study aims to identify current patterns of spatial distribution of economic development in the cities of the Khuzestan province. This is a practical study which has an Analytic - descriptive approach. The data were collected from the Statistical Yearbook of Khuzestan in 1390. The collected data were analyzed using different software such as SPSS, EXCEL, GIS, along with TOPSIS methods, cluster analysis, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Mann-Whitney Test, and other statistical methods. The results show that spatial distribution of economic development in the cities of Khuzestan province is unequal and in contrast with appropriate standards of spatial distribution. This inequality has been occurred in both geographical and population levels. Geographically, most economically developed cities are located in the West and the South of the province. In terms of population, most economically developed cities also have larger populations and higher urbanization rates.}, Keywords = {Spatial Inequality, Development, Economic Development, Khuzestan Province}, volume = {2}, Number = {6}, pages = {5-22}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-97-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-97-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {aleemran, roya and aleemran, ali}, title = {The Study of Non-Oil Export and Foreign Direct Investment Effect}, abstract ={This research aims to study the effect of non-oil exports and foreign direct investment on GDP of Iran. In order to do this, using auto regressive distributed lag method and annual time series, data from 1978 to 2008 has been investigated. The results indicate that effectiveness of all variables coefficients have been in conformity with economic theories and in the long-run, non-oil exports and foreign direct investment would have positive and significant effects on economic growth. Also, the results of the error correction model indicate that in each annual period about 0/46 short run imbalances in achieving long run balance has been mitigated.}, Keywords = {Non-Oil Exports, Foreign Direct Investment, GNP, Time Series Models, Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag.}, volume = {2}, Number = {6}, pages = {23-48}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-40-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-40-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Asayesh, Fateme and Shakibai, Alirez}, title = {The Effect of ICT on Labor Productivity in Iran Industries}, abstract ={Knowing the effect of ICT on labor productivity in various economic sections is a matter of great importance for the policy makers and economic planners. This study estimates the labor productivity function in Iran, using ICT in industrials level by four-digit ISIC codes. In order to do this, the statistics of industrial manufacturers with 10 or more workers during 1996-2007 have been used. The model estimation method is based on panel data and to estimate the model, Stata and Eviews software have been used. The estimation results show that ICT capital in comparison to the NICT capital has more effects on labor productivity in Iran economy during this period and the effect of ICT capital on labor productivity is positive and significant.}, Keywords = {ICT, NICT, Labor Productivity, Panel Data.}, volume = {2}, Number = {6}, pages = {49-66}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-85-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-85-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Fatahi, Shahram and HeydariDizgarani, Ali and Askari, Elnaz}, title = {The Study of Government Debt Sustainability in Iran’s Economy}, abstract ={This research examines the sustainability of debt in the Iranian economy during 1978-2011. Based on the literature of fiscal sustainability, the debt is sustainable if the growth of debt is not greater than growth of GDP. In this study in order to test the debt sustainability, fiscal reaction function is estimated where a positive relationship is found between the surplus-to-GDP ratio and the lagged debt-to-GDP ratio. The results show that the coefficient of lagged surplus-to-GDP ratio is positive which confirms the role of past surpluses in the current surplus or alternatively the role of past deficits in the current deficit. Furthermore, the debt sustainability is tested through the extended fiscal reaction function, and debt dynamics function and co integration analysis. The results indicate that the debt is sustainable in weak form in short run while it is not sustainable in long run. Thus, the government in order to reduce the risk of future debt crises should try to diversify the economy and income sources and reduce the dependence on oil revenue funds.}, Keywords = {Debt Sustainability, Iran\'s Economy}, volume = {2}, Number = {6}, pages = {67-86}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-152-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-152-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Alizadeh, Mohammad and Babaei, Majid and Jafari, Mohammad and Khodaei, Mahdi}, title = {The Interaction between FDI and Economic Development in D8 Members}, abstract ={As time passes and as economic theories proliferate, new variables have been broached as effective factors in economic development. Among these variables, capital and investment have a considerable significance in the development models. The presents study aims at investigating the effect of foreign direct investment on economic development of D8 member countries using panel data from 1995 to 2008 within the framework of simultaneous equations model. This model in the form of five simultaneous equations and using three 3SLS measures the effect of variables such as FDI, gross capital accumulation, export, and import on economic development. The other variables are rate of formal currency, rate of pay increase, number of labor force and liquidity. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between FDI and economic development in the investigated sample}, Keywords = {Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Development, Simultaneous Equations Model.}, volume = {2}, Number = {6}, pages = {87-104}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-91-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-91-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ehsani, MohammadAli and Izadi, Reza and kordtabar, Hossei}, title = {The Effect of Stock Market Development on the Economic Growth}, abstract ={There is a vast literature about the factors influencing the economic growth. In these studies, variables such as saving, physical capital, human capital, training and technology are introduced as factors of the economic growth. All these variables could only explain just some part of the economic growth. Therefore, in recent studies, some structural factors are introduced to explain the growth phenomenon. In this paper, the effect of stock market development accompanying with other factors on the economic growth have been studied. For this purpose, the D-8 countries have been investigated during 1988-2011 via the Panel data model. Stock market development has been described by five proxies. The empirical results indicate that stock market development has a positive and significant effect of on the economic growth in the mentioned countries.}, Keywords = {Stock Market Development Indexes, Economic Growth, Panel Data, D8 Countries.}, volume = {2}, Number = {6}, pages = {105-122}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-79-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-79-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The Impact of Globalization on Income Distribution in OIC Countries}, abstract ={The main object of this paper is examining the impact of globalization on income distribution in OIC countries during 1984-2010. For this purpose, the degree of trade openness and foreign direct investment-output ratio variables has been used as globalization indices.Using panel data techniques besides testing the Kuznets hypothesis for the impacts of globalization variables, government expenditure as a percentage of GDP, inflation, and population growth on Gini coefficient, as one of the most important indicators for income distribution, were analyzed. The research findings indicate that Kuznets hypothesis is not approved among OIC members. The results also suggest that income distribution improves with increasing of the real per capita income, and becomes more imbalanced with expanding of the globalization}, Keywords = {Per Capita Income, Income Distribution, Globalization, Kuznets Hypothesis, OIC Countries}, volume = {2}, Number = {6}, pages = {123-140}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-62-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-62-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Priorities Factors Influencing the Financing in Iran with the AHP Approach}, abstract ={Financial instruments have been developed in recent years. Therefore it is critical for financial managers to know that which instrument can be useful for the financing of the company.This study using hierarchical approach tries to detect and prioritize the factors affecting the choose of financing method. Data has been collected by a questionnaire and samples have been selected from among the managers of capital market. Factors influencing the method of financing selection are divided into three general categories. These categories include those factors related to financing sources those related to the financed company and those related to macro-economic and political factors.The results show the superiority of the financed company category and attract manager's attention to the internal factors such as the capital structure and the credit status of the company during decision making process.}, Keywords = {Financing, Sources of Financing, Financed Company, Political Factors}, volume = {2}, Number = {6}, pages = {141-160}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-126-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-126-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {babaeifalah, amin and khaliliaraghi, maryam}, title = {Performance Evaluation of Listed Basic Metals Corporations Using Grey Factor Analysis}, abstract ={This study tries to find the main factors of performance by using Grey Factor Analysis and ranks firms according to their acquired score. Grey Factor Analysis is a combination of Grey Theory and Factor Analysis which has the ability to evaluate corporations’ performance. Also, as basic metals corporations are considered as a growing industry, this study tests GFA model through listed corporations of this industry within years 2009-2012. The results show adaptability of GFA and its capability in providing an easy method for MCDM models. According to the results of GFA model, Iran Alloy Steel Company, Iran Aluminum and National Iranian Lead & Zinc had better performance.}, Keywords = {Performance Evaluation, Grey Factor Analysis, MCDM, Basic Metals Industry.}, volume = {2}, Number = {7}, pages = {5-30}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-163-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-163-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {eslami, seifallah}, title = {Investigation of the Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Income (Expenditure) Gap}, abstract ={Generally in all countries, governments must intervene in some areas inevitably, regardless of sovereignty and tenure. Some of these areas are social welfare and particularly expanding protection of vulnerable groups for reducing income inequality and improving social income distribution. In this paper, the impact of some of the macroeconomic variables on income inequality has been studied using co Integration approach during years of 1349-91. The results show that achieving fifth development plan goals such as 8 percent economic growth rate and Gini coefficient of 35% and other income distribution indicators is not possible simultaneously. Thus in setting sixth economic plan, it should be considered that achieving high growth as well as low Gini coefficient will be difficult. We show that rising per capita GDP and inflation increases income gap and rising per capita subsidy and employment and per capita wealth tax, decreases income gap.}, Keywords = {Subsidies, Income Gap, Gap between Top and Bottom Income Groups, Economic Growth Rate, Inflation Rate, Gini Index.}, volume = {2}, Number = {7}, pages = {31-56}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-139-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-139-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Price Limit: Effects, Dimensions and Analysis}, abstract ={One of the most important tasks of the supervisory bodies of capital market is to control fluctuations and volatilities using various tools and rules. In order to implement instruments, we should study about effects, and dimensions as well as advantages and disadvantages totally, these instruments are so-called "Circuit Breaker". In this article, we explore one of the most important tools ie price limit used in the Tehran Stock Exchange and we analyze it extensively. Now, many exchanges in the world use price limit for reducing volatility in markets. Price limit is the ceiling and floor of any share on each trading day. A lot of research is done on the effects, advantages and disadvantages that in this paper we review these issues and explore one of the newest and most important of them called "magnet effect" using a regression model.}, Keywords = {Circuit Breakers, Price Limit, Magnet Effect, Market Volatility.}, volume = {2}, Number = {7}, pages = {57-72}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-210-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-210-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The Investigation of Relationship between Tax Revenue and Economic Security in Iran (Causality Approach in Time Series Data)}, abstract ={Today the role of tax system is based on three primary political, social and economic goals. its biggest task is to defend economic security of economic agents as well as being known as an income method Economic insecurity has led to the increase in size of the underground economy, so itreduces amounts of investments in the economy .This phenomenon has a negative effect on the tax base and reduces tax revenues. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between tax revenue and economic security in Iran during the period of 1977-2011. For this purpose, we used the Hsiao's- Granger and Toda & Yamamoto (TY) causality tests. The results show that there is a unilateral causality from the economic to security tax revenue. The economic Health and security of the country is subject to the healthy tax structure. Through establishing Strong tax system, creating appropriate cultural and encouraging people to pay taxes, economic structure of the country will be stronger. So according to the ratio of tax revenues to GDP is low and there is bilateral causal relationship between this variable and economic security, the tax system requires a fundamental review to provide financial security and investment. Consequently, tax revenues increase.}, Keywords = {Tax System, Tax Revenues, Economic Security, Toda and Yamamoto Causality.}, volume = {2}, Number = {7}, pages = {73-90}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-168-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-168-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Effects of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Facilities on Employment Trends in Selected Provinces of Iran}, abstract ={The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of bank facilities on employment. Granting job creation facility is one of the usual methods of government during the first to fifth development plans to dissolve unemployment in Iran. This research is an applied investigation and the statistical population is banking facilities (SME, s facilities) in thirteen provinces. In selection of these provinces, an attempt has been made to cover more than seventy percent of the total population of the country. Data collection has included archival, scientific and technical tools by which employment has been evaluated through explanatory variables of a variety of small and quick impact enterprises facilities using domestic panel data method. The model is based on the research by Craig E. Armstrong, Ben R. Craig, William E. Jackson, and James B. Thomson (2010) entitled “The Importance of Financial Market Development on the Relationship between Loan Guarantees for SMEs and Local Market Employment Rates”. Results show that small and quick impact enterprises and GDP have a positive impact on job creation.}, Keywords = {Facilities, Small and Quick Impact Enterprises, Employment}, volume = {2}, Number = {7}, pages = {91-108}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-142-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-142-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Eltejaie, Ebrahim and pourbagher, zahr}, title = {A Survey on the Direction of Iran’s Foreign Trade Policy}, abstract ={This paper studies general orientation of Iran's foreign trade policies during 1959 to 2011. For this purpose, we have examined foreign trade policies and performance using several indices. Industry value added relative to GDP, non-oil exports relative to GDP, composition of imports, relative effective exchange rates, terms of trade, Economic Freedom and tariff and non-tariff barriers against imports, show that during five past decades, Iran’s foreign trade policies has been inward oriented dominantly.}, Keywords = {Foreign Trade Policies, Export Promotion, Import Substitution, Iran’s Economy.}, volume = {2}, Number = {7}, pages = {109-134}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-121-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-121-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Moeinadin, Mahmoud and Fazelyazdi, ali and Dinpajouh, Fatemeh and zarezadh, Zahr}, title = {The Effect of General Policies of Article 44 of the Constitution on Improving Value Relevance of Accounting Information in Tehran Stock Exchange}, abstract ={One of the main features of regulation of structure is alteration of planned economy to the market economy. In Iran, this alteration accomplish with privatization and free investment through the implementation of Article 44 of the constitution. Therefore, one of the key factors in this regard is value relevance of accounting information for buyers. Value relevance of accounting information indicates the relevance and reliability of accounting information. So it can be used as an indicator for the quality of accounting information. Therefore, in this study we examine the effect of the general policies of Article 44 of the constitution on improving value relevance of accounting information within a 9 years period (from 2004 to 2007, 4 years before and from 2008 to 2012, 5 years after notice of Article 44 of the constitution) in Tehran Stock Exchange. The research sample was consisted of 84 firms, the independent variable of the study is stock market price and dependent variables are earnings per share, book value of shares, and operating cash flow (as a representative of basic financial statements). The results of the analysis of assumptions indicate that implementation of Article 44 of the constitution impresses the relationship between stock prices and earnings per share, book value of shares, and operating cash flow in Tehran Stock Exchange. In general, the results show the improvement in value relevance of accounting information after the implementation of Article 44 of the constitution.}, Keywords = {Article 44 of the Constitution, Value Relevance of Accounting Information, Stock Price, Stock Exchange.}, volume = {2}, Number = {7}, pages = {135-156}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-136-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-136-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Toda-Yamamoto Causality Test between Entrepreneurship and Unemployment Rates in Industry Section: Case Study}, abstract ={Decreasing unemployment rate is one of the most striking objects for economic planners and decision makers and achieving to this purpose, will lead to solve a lot of economic and social problems. Among many factors affecting unemployment rates, entrepreneurship has been an interesting topic for researchers for quite some time. The relationship between entrepreneurship and unemployment has posed a complex puzzle to scholars. One view, which has been called the unemployment push, or refugee effect, suggests that the decision to become an entrepreneur is a response to either being unemployed or else the perception of dismal future employment prospects. An alternative view suggests that entrepreneurship, by virtue of creating a new venture, contributes to the reduction of unemployment. While the first view suggests a positive relationship between entrepreneurship and unemployment, the second view suggests a negative relation between them. The present paper examines the relationship between entrepreneurship and unemployment in Sistan;Baluchestan Province through using Toda-Yamamoto approach in the period from 1998 to 2010. The results indicate that, Schumpeter effect for Province studied is established as a definite (impact of entrepreneurship rate on unemployment rate), but refugee effect (impact of unemployment rate on entrepreneurship rate) cannot be confirmed. The evidence generally supports the existence of a uni-directional causality that runs from entrepreneurship to unemployment rate for the case of Sistan;Baluchestan.}, Keywords = {Unemployment Rate, Entrepreneurship, Toda-Yamamoto Approach.}, volume = {2}, Number = {7}, pages = {157-182}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-109-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-109-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Azizi, vahid and mehregan, nader and Yavari, Gholamrez}, title = {Test of the Balance of Payments Constrained Growth Constrained Growth Model in Iran’s Agriculture Sector}, abstract ={This study reviews the empirical evidence of the Thirlwall’s Law, i.e. the balance-of-payments-constrained-growth model of the agricultural sector in Iran during the (1989-2012). Thirlwall shows that the growth rate is limited by the balance of payments, as the economy cannot grow faster than a rate that is compatible with a balance of payments or a minimum stable deficit. Thus Thirlwall’s Law states that the production growth rate consistent with the balance of payments is equal to the ratio of the growth rate of exports over imports income elasticity. In this study, we first estimate the agricultural crops import demand function using an ARDL model. Then by dividing the growth rate of agricultural exports on income elasticity of import demand Thirlwall equilibrium growth rate for the 17 series of overlapping periods of seven years is calculated. Results show that the Thirlwall growth rate in the beginning of periods is significantly different from actual growth rate of agriculture sector, but then this difference declines over time, and actual growth rate and the Thirlwall equilibrium growth rate get closer. Therefore, the results from this study confirm the validity of Thirlwall Law in the 2000s.}, Keywords = {Agricultural Growth, The Balance of Payments Constraint, Elasticity of Import Demand, Thirlwall’s Law, Iran.}, volume = {2}, Number = {8}, pages = {5-20}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-174-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-174-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {BiabanyKhameneh, Kazem and Sadeghi, Hossei}, title = {Credit Provided To The Private Sector And Exports: Evidence From 45 Developing countries}, abstract ={The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of credit provided to the private sector in the share of exports in production of an economy and its impact on the export performance and dynamics of firms in foreign markets. According to recent literature of international trade we expected with resolves credit constraints and ease of firms in financing, their performance in export markets Increased. Therefore, with using statistical data on 45 countries under the panel cointegration approach and Granger causality examined this relationship in macro-level, then with using the generalized method of moments investigating credits impact on firms' export behavior and performance. The results indicate that increasing in credits increase the share of exports in production. It is also confirmed a positive impact on the number of exporters, number of destinations and firm entry rate into export markets. As a result, access to credits can be seen as a comparative advantage in international trade.}, Keywords = {Credit Provided To The Private Sector, Financial Development, Exports, Comparative advantage}, volume = {2}, Number = {8}, pages = {21-40}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-166-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-166-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Rasekhi, Saeed and Montazeri, Mojtaba and Pasha, Pegah}, title = {Asymmetric Non Linear Response of Trade Balance to Real Exchange Rate Changes: A Case Study of Iran}, abstract ={The traditional theories of international economics emphasize on national currency devaluation as an efficient policy to enhance export, reduce import and consequently reduce current account deficit. The latest literature considers asymmetric response of trade variables to exchange rate changes and pays attention to ambiguous effect of reducing exchange rate on trade balance. This is an important finding since the success of trade policy depends on the understanding of the nature of trade balance behavior. The present paper examines Iran’s trade balance behavior in relation to exchange rate using logistic smooth transition regression (LSTR) during 1973-2009. The results of this research show that real exchange rate effects on Iran’s trade balance are asymmetrical and nonlinear. Furthermore, overvaluation of domestic currency effects negatively on the trade balance.}, Keywords = {Trade Balance, Real Exchange Model, Smooth Transition Regression, Threshold, Iran.}, volume = {2}, Number = {8}, pages = {41-62}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-135-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-135-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mirhashemi, zahra sadat and Sarhangian, mohamm}, title = {Possibility of Using Waqf in Commercialization of Knowledge and Technology and A Proposal Model}, abstract ={Waqf is one of the charritable acts in Islamic law. According to Islamic jurisprudence rules, it is possible to land owner that endow his prpperty with intention and purpose of commercialization from knowledge and technology as in the past people used waqf for advancing and progressing knowledge with different ways and forms of waqf. Using waqf in commercialization of knowledge and technology has very affirmative and positive effects in economy and advancement of knowledge in society. Social cooperation and social justice are it’s results. We must try to culturalize this kind of waqf by informing the public and encouraging well-whishers.}, Keywords = {Knowledge, Technology, Trade, Islamic Jurisprudence}, volume = {2}, Number = {8}, pages = {63-82}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-176-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-176-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {mahmudi, vahid and emamdoost, Mostafa and mayeli, mohamad rez}, title = {Examine the Role of Geographic Diversification in a Portfolio of Real Estate in Iran}, abstract ={Investment in real estate such an attractive investment opportunities in Iran, which is always a major part of the assets of individuals and institutions is poured into it. This study also compares the performance of real estate investments in various geographic areas of the country, the impact of the geographical diversification of real estate portfolios in the period from 1370 to 1392 in 15 of the cases examined. The results show that, compared to other areas, the central region of the country with a small distance has the highest risk and yield. The examination of the Examine the relationship between the expected return on geographic areas of the country releave that there is a positive correlation between the returns of different areas. The findings regarding the effects of geographic diversification in a portfolio of geographically diversified portfolio of real estate that includes real estate, improved the condition of optimal portfolios and efficient frontier upward move will be.}, Keywords = {Real Estate, Investment Performance, Portfolio Investors}, volume = {2}, Number = {8}, pages = {83-102}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-195-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-195-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {korani, abdolreza and jalalvand, vahid and shahikitash, mohammad nabi}, title = {Investigating the Effect and Ranking of the Effective Index on Barriers to Entry of Firms in Iran’s Industry Sector (Using AHP Fuzzy Approach)}, abstract ={Barriers to entry, as the one of structural variables of market, has an important role in forming the market organization. Barriers to entry are important that is why it can drive market structure to the monopoly. Noting that, identifying the barriers to entry of industry and developing environment of the competitive businesses in order to more growth are necessary, so there is a major need of empirical studies. Hence, in this study after investigating the resources and doing special interviews, using AHP Fuzzy approach and industrial economy theory, the measures have been defined and effective index of barriers to entry of firms to industry have been identified, and it have been tried to identifying and ranking the effective factors of firm’s entry to industry using Analytically Hierarchy Process. Data have been collected using questionnaire, and sample of the study have been selected among the economic managers and activists of industries and scientific members of related majors with country’s industries. The results of the study show that the most important effective index in creation of barrier to entry in industry sector is concentration index by weight of .0528. And between the major measures, the number of firms has the most effect in creation of barrier to entry in industry sector. Hence, based on these results, it is recommended to make a context in order to reduction of concentration in market and increasing the number of firms and provide uniform distribution of market between firms and also the expansion of markets and outgrow their size to be on the agenda of competitive policy by providing a context for the presence of newcomer firms through the financial facilities of licenses and also limited and scheduled support of firms that are entering the market.}, Keywords = {Barriers to Entry, Competition, Concentration Index, Analytically Hierarchy Process (AHP-Fuzzy).}, volume = {2}, Number = {8}, pages = {124-103}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-151-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-151-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {modaresi, zohreh and davodi, azadeh}, title = {An Evaluation of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Indicators in Iran (2008-2012)}, abstract ={One of the most important factors related to the Doing Business in any economic is considering on Entrepreneurship. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Consortium, as the original source of entrepreneurial activity since 1999, analyzes the framework of the Annual Report each year for different countries. In this article, by using of GEM report's finding, we introduce the Global Entrepreneurship indicators and review the situation of Iran in five years (2008-2012) as well as to indicate Iran's position in the development process and to compare with other countries. The findings demonstrate that Iran often uses unskilled labor and natural resources and faces with problems such as lack of stability and support in the fields of cultural, social, media, International entrepreneurship index and the complexity of the administrative procedures of export and import. Also, often Iranian productions are not innovative, technological and product-oriented, but also more traditional, so that is unable to create added value for the economic. Also, the Results from the survey of experts about the challenges of entrepreneurship reveal that among all indicators except access to the physical infrastructure and services, Iran is lower than the world average. Moreover the efficiency indices of intellectual property rights support for high-growth businesses, government programs, social networks, cooperation between enterprises and the entrepreneurs are the worst compared to the global. The implications of this study are discussed along with some recommendations.}, Keywords = {Doing Business, Entrepreneurship, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor.}, volume = {2}, Number = {8}, pages = {125-146}, publisher = {Deputy of Economic Affairs Minstry of Economic Affairs and finance,tehran,iran}, url = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-128-en.html}, eprint = {http://qjfep.ir/article-1-128-en.pdf}, journal = {Quarterly Journal of Fiscal and Economic Policies}, issn = {2345-3435}, eissn = {2345-3435}, year = {2015} }